The Kols are inhabitants of Chhotanagpur which included Ranchi, Singhbhum, Hazaribagh, Palamau and Manbhum.
The trouble in 1831 started with large-scale transfers of land from Kol headmen to outsiders like Hindu, Sikh and Muslim farmers and money-lenders who were oppressive and demanded heavy taxes.
Besides, the British judicial and revenue policies badly affected the traditional social conditions of the Kols.
Under the leadership of Buddho Bhagat, the Kol rebels killed or burnt about a thousand outsiders.
Only after large-scale military operations could order be restored.
