[Model Answer QP2023 GS2]“Development and welfare schemes for the vulnerable, by its nature, are discriminatory in approach”. Do you agree? Give reasons for your answer.
India, with its vast and diverse population, faces a unique set of challenges when it comes to ensuring the welfare and development of its citizens. Over the years, the government has launched numerous schemes specifically aimed at the vulnerable sections of society. The statement posits that these schemes are “discriminatory” in their approach.
Understanding the Context:
Targeted vs. Discriminatory: At the outset, it’s essential to differentiate between “targeted” and “discriminatory”. While both indicate a specific focus, “targeted” implies a positive, purposeful direction towards a particular group, whereas “discriminatory” generally carries a negative connotation of unjust exclusion.
Vulnerability in the Indian Context: Vulnerable groups in India typically include Scheduled Castes (SCs), Scheduled Tribes (STs), women, children, the elderly, the differently-abled, and economically weaker sections, among others. These groups have historically faced systemic disadvantages or have special needs that warrant focused attention.
Reasons Supporting the Notion of Targeted Approach (rather than Discriminatory):
1. Historical Disadvantages: Certain groups, like the SCs and STs, have faced historical social and economic discrimination. Welfare schemes for these communities, such as reservation policies or scholarships, aim to redress past injustices and level the playing field.
2. Special Needs: Some groups have distinct requirements that necessitate specialized schemes. For instance, the ‘Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao’ scheme focuses on addressing the skewed child sex ratio and promoting girl child education.
3. Economic Disparities: To alleviate poverty and uplift the economically weaker sections, schemes like the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (affordable housing) or the Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (providing LPG connections) are launched. These are aimed at enhancing the quality of life for those at the economic margins.
4. Affirmative Action: Schemes for vulnerable groups are a form of affirmative action, intending to provide these groups with opportunities they might not have had due to systemic biases or disadvantages.
Some argue that these schemes can be seen as “discriminatory” because:
They might create a sense of alienation among those who don’t fall under these categories, even if they might be in need.
Over-reliance on quotas and reservations might sometimes lead to inefficiencies or could be perceived as compromising merit.
Conclusion:
While development and welfare schemes for vulnerable groups in India are selective, calling them “discriminatory” might be a mischaracterization. These schemes are better understood as targeted interventions, necessary to address historical, social, or economic disadvantages and disparities. A balanced approach, which combines affirmative action with overarching development strategies, can ensure a more equitable and inclusive growth trajectory for India.
